Antibodies are powerful, that's for sure. Their significance is prominently highlighted in the context of lifesaving antivenom administration after a poisonous snake bite. Antivenom consists of antibodies produced in another person or animal that has been subjected to the same venom. The key to the effectiveness of these antibodies is that the person or animal who produced them was exposed to the pure, unaltered venom in all its complexity. This unmodified exposure allows the immune system to generate robust and powerful antibodies capable of neutralizing the venom effectively.
In Fact, the Department of Defense recognized the unparalleled efficacy of antibodies from convalesced individuals as a countermeasure to infectious diseases or toxic exposures. This recognition underscores a fundamental truth about the immune system: natural exposure to a pathogen or its toxins leads to the production of highly effective antibodies. These antibodies develop through a process that involves encountering the entire spectrum of antigens presented by the pathogen, allowing the immune system to mount a comprehensive and potent response.
But, somewhere along the way, scientific approaches to immunization became muddled with the idea that injecting parts of pathogenic organisms into the human body could confer protection against infection. Unfortunately, this method does not fully replicate the natural immune response. Effective immunization requires natural exposure to the pathogen through the mucosal epithelial barrier, a route that ensures all parts of the pathogen are presented to and remembered by the immune cells guarding these epithelial barriers. This process leads to the production of secretory mucosal IgA antibodies, which play a crucial role in preventing future infections at the entry points of the body.
In contrast, injecting antigens into the body primarily stimulates the production of serum IgA antibodies. While these serum or humoral antibodies that are inside the body can respond to infections, they do not provide the same level of protection as mucosal IgA antibodies secreted to the outside, which are essential for preventing infections at mucosal surfaces that separate the inside of us from the outside. Moreover, because the injected antigens are only PARTS of the pathogen, any mutations in these specific antigens can render the induced antibodies less effective or even obsolete. This mismatch means that individuals who receive such injections might believe they are protected, but in reality, their immune defense is suboptimal and not as robust as it would be following natural exposure.
This flaw in the concept of artificial immunization by injection calls for a reevaluation of our approach to immunization. It is time to acknowledge that while injected vaccines can stimulate an immune response, they do not fully mimic the natural, comprehensive immune defense developed through exposure to the entire pathogen. A shift towards understanding and utilizing the natural mechanisms of immune protection, such as those observed in natural exposures, could lead to more effective strategies in combating infections and enhancing public health.
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Thanks for reading, and thanks for staying smart.
Thank you for explaining this in plain English. I already knew that basics but not the detail. Your short explanation makes all the difference.
Again, a brilliant and short explanation of a topic that few people understand. Of course, I will share it on my Substack (soon!). Thank you, Dr. Stillwagon, for making us smart.